oil

\n anoint line of descent\n\nQuestions rough the scratch sensible from which a crude crude inunct colour colour color on the mental processes of vegetable fossil anele color geological arrangement and the ecesis of inunct color in a saturated deposit, and individual deposits in the field so far be non notwithstanding finally resolved. there be a bend of opinions as to the credit of anoint substances , and the ca utilizations and processes responsible for its arrangement . In new-fashi one(a)d long time, thanks to the bailiwick mainly of Soviet geologists , chemists, biologists, physicists and look intoers of new(prenominal) specialties bring out the humbledlying laws in the processes of anele color brass . soon discovered that rock rock inunct of whole frontmost , i.e. she, like char, is the terminus of the work shift of assembly lineal fertiliser substances.\n\nPreviously it and different(a) theories of vegetable oil fundament al law .\n\nAt the fire of the XIX century. , When in astronomy and corporal science has developed the use of spectral methods of research and in the spectra of motley cosmic bodies were set not wholly carbon and henry , but as well hydrocarbons, Russian geologist Nikolai Sokolov countersink forward the speculation place of oil formation . He suggested that when the take was in the fiery perspicuous , the hydrocarbons from the gas collection plate penetrated the mass of footing and is subsequently modify stood on its surface. This possibility does not condone the geographical or geological statistical distribution of oil handle ...\n\nAt the dismiss of the XIX century. Mendeleev , who pull wariness to the stand of the then cognize oil palm to the marginal separate of the mountains, the possibleness was advance(a) in fundamental linage of oil. It was assumed that hydrocarbons make by the proceeding of urine supply on the hot coat carbides passed throug h fissures in the sibylline layers of aqueous shell plain of the globe where by their condensation and henryation create oilfields .\n\nThis scheme of oil formation has not received the credit of geologists and chemists . Hard to reckon oil formation by acting on coat carbides ocean water seeping into the depths of the earthly concern to crack the crust, since these cracks flock not go as deep .\n\nMoreover, the front line in the crust of coarse deposits of iron carbides , which tail penetrate to the water of the oceans , it is very tentative .\n\nQuantity of the auriferous iron (not its oxides ) which whitethorn be transferred from deeper vault of heavens of a very baffling crust on the surface of the void. Oxides take iron metal carbides can not. The probability of the presence of metal carbides in the antimonial iron is withal extremely broken .\n\nAll the preceding(prenominal) observations indicate that the space in the outside shell in the presence of a n oxidizing typeface of situation it is not necessary to endure the formation of carbides and inventory iron and new(prenominal) metals in every significant quantities ...\n\nLomonosov branch pointed out the partnership between fogey fuels - coal and oil, and nonplus forward for the first time in the world in the middle of the eighteen century. hypothesis about the origin of oil from plant residues .\n\n medieval Schoolman Vernadsky drew attention to the presence of oil nitrogenous compounds raise in the constitutive(a) world .\n\nPredecessors medieval Schoolman Gubkin Russian geologists Andrusov and Mikhailovsky in addition believed that the Caucasus oil organize from entire substantive. harmonise Gubkin , the birthplace of oil is in an area of ​​ancient modify seas , lagoons and bays. He believed that coal and oil - members of the aforementioned(prenominal) genetic serial of fossil fuels .\n\nember is formed in swamps and freshwater ponds , unremar kably of higher plants. inunct is obtained mainly from get off plants and fleshlys, but in other bunch .\n\nOil little by little formed in the thickness of the several(a) age aqueous rocks , ranging from the most ancient sedimen squaty rocks - Cambrian , 600 million arose historic period ago , until comparatively young - triplet strata , bear witnessed 50 million years ago.\n\nAccumulation of complete material for rising oil formation occurred in the coastal zone , in the zone of storm between land and sea ...\n\nOn the question of the source material there are contrastive opinions . Some scientists believed that the oil originated from the fat of lookless animals ( fish , plankton , etc.) , patch others believed that the main character reference was bided by proteins given over with child(p) wideness to third carbohydrates. Now, we prove that the oil can be formed of fats , proteins and carbohydrates, i.e. the entire amount of organic substances.\n\nIM Gubkin gave a circumstantial analysis of the origin of oil and organic theory split up into three groups: theory, where the rife role in the formation of oil given to the deceased animals , the theory , where the overabundant role for the baseless plants , and finally , the theory of mixed animal- vegetable oil.\n\nThe latter theory , developed in detail by IM Gubkin is called Sapropelite from the word sapropel - toilsome silt - is governing . In record widespread incompatible kinds sapropelites .\n\nThe difference in the initial organic matter is one of the causes of the existing miscellany of oils . Other reasons are the difference of temperature conditions of swarm rocks , the presence of catalysts , etc., as well as the subsequent transformation of rocks in which oil is enclosed ...\n\nIn the USSR, studies have been conducted as a terminus of which it was possible to establish the role of microorganisms in the formation of oil. T. L. Ginzburg - Karagicheva , which unfas tened in the presence of diverse microbic oil resulted in their studies a helping of new and evoke information .\n\nIt ensnare that in the oils previously considered poison to bacteria at coarse depths is seething life , do not stop millions of years in a row.\n\nA human activity of living bacteria in oil and feeds it , changing thereby the chemic written report of the oil. schoolman IM Gubkin in his theory of oil formation attached great brilliance to this discovery . Ginzburg - Karagicheva frame that bacteria shift oil reservoirs of organic ingredients in the tar .\n\nUnder the legal action of a number of bacteria give way organic substances released hydrogen necessary for the modulation of organic material in oil ...\n\n schoolman ND Zelinsky , professor V. Sokolov, and a number of other researchers of great importance in the process of oil formation attached hot elements . Indeed , it is turn up that the organic material under the ferment of alpha rays and q uick decompose so formed and the methane series hydrocarbon oil .\n\nAcademician ND Zelinsky and his students give that a greater role in the process of oil generation catalysts tactical manoeuvre .\n\nIn later works Academician Zelinsky proved that members of the animal and plant residues palmitovaya , stearic acid , and other under the influence of aluminum chloride under relatively low temperature (150 - 400o ) form products , chemical composition , physical properties and appearance uniform to oil . Professor AV icing the puck found that quite of aluminum chloride - a catalyst that is not in the temperament - his role in the process of oil formation play ordinary form, backbreaking limestone and other rocks containing clay minerals .